1. Programming Languages for
Web Applications
Introduction
Web-related
programming tasks include HyperText Markup language (HTML) page authoring,
common gateway interface (CGI) programming, generating and parsing HTML and XML
(eXtensible Markup Language) documents, creating dynamic HTML pages, Web site
management, and Web applications. Programming languages used for Web
programming include HTML, Java, JavaScript/JScript, VBScript, Visual Basic,
C/C++, and Perl.
1.1
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and DHTML
The
HTML is a structure language with a formal definition for use in creating
static Web pages or HTML documents that we load from Web servers. A Web page
may include the following information:
Dynamic
HTML
DHTML,
Microsoft Dynamic HTML technology, is merely a browser featured-or enhancement
that gives your browser the ability to be interactive with:
1.2 eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
The XML is standardized method from World Wide Web
Consortium for putting structured document and data in a text file for use on
the Web. It uses tags and attributes like HTML, but XML uses the tags for
delimit pieces of data, and leave the interpretation of data completely up to
other applications. Features of XML include:
1.3
JavaScript/JScript
JavaScript
is a scripting language developed by Netscape for used in delivering dynamic
Web pages, and enabling client-side programming for interactivity. JScript is a
Microsoft version of JavaScript. ECMAScript (European Computer Manufacturer's
Association: www.ecma.ch/stand/ecma-262.htm) is a standardized JavaScript/JScript. A
dynamic Web page may contain JavaScript code, which is placed inside a SCRIPT
element and will be executed as the Web page is loaded. It may also be used to
monitor various user events and response to user requests. The JavaScript
applications may include
1.4
VBScript
VBScript, a scaled down version of Microsoft' Visual
Basic, allows active scripting to be added on Web client (IE 3.0 and up), and
Web server scripting in Microsoft Internet Information Server (version 3.0 and
up).
1.5
Perl
Perl
(Practical Extraction Report Language) is a portable, interpreted language used
primarily as a tool for writing scripts that perform such functions as:
1.6
Microsoft Visual C++
Visual
C++ include many MFC library classes for supporting Internet and Web
programming:
1.7
Java
A
general purpose programming language that can be used to create Applets that
execute after the Web page is loaded
Features
of Java
Secure - virus-free, tamper-free
Robust - not memory overwrite
Portable - run on different machine
without change
Java
Components
·
The Java compiler -
translate Java code to byte code
·
The Java interpreter -
reading and executing Java byte code
·
The applet viewer
Byte
Code - A highly portable machine language for an imaginary Java computer
Java
Virtual Machine (JVM) - a computer that runs Java byte code
Just-In-Time
(JIT) compilation - some JVM can translate byte code into machine language
Java
applet
Java
Applications
-
Network programming (java.net)
-
Applet for dynamic Hypertext Markup Language document (Java.Applet)
-
Graphical User Interface
Stand-Alone
Programs
1-8
C# Language
http://www.microsoft.com/PressPass/press/2000/jun00/CSharpPR.asp
"Microsoft Introduces
Highly Productive .NET Programming Language: C#
New Language Enables
Rapid Development of Web Services For the Microsoft .NET Platform
REDMOND, Wash. -- June 26, 2000 -- Microsoft Corp. today announced Microsoft® C#
("C sharp"), a modern, object-oriented programming language built
from the ground up to exploit the power of XML-based Web services on the .NET
platform, which was announced last week at Forum 2000. With its Visual C++®
development system heritage, C# will enable millions of C and C++
developers to use existing skills to rapidly build sophisticated XML-based .NET
applications. To simplify integration and interoperability, Microsoft is
working with ECMA, an international standards body, to create a standard for C#,
enabling multiple vendors to deliver the language and supporting tools. "
http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/nextgen/technology/langdefault.asp
"Language
Enhancements:
Visual Basic.NET provides the productivity features developers need to rapidly
create enterprise-critical Web applications. With support for Web Forms, Web
Services, and new object-oriented language features, Visual Basic.NET delivers
power while maintaining the instant accessibility that has made it the world's
most popular development tool."